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Partly because it costs so much to train the surgeons and other specialists who do it, and to pay them to do it, and to provide them with the specialized equipment and facilities required. All this has to conform to regulations too of course, to prevent incompetent practitioners from operating on people, or unscrupulous administrators from exposing patients to sources of infection and so on.
However I think the cost today is far higher than any of these factors should be able to account for. I think the cost has been driven up by demand, and that demand has been greatly stimulated by the availability of insurance.
The point is that this has enabled a great deal of demand, not just for necessary, life saving surgery, but also for elective surgery, cosmetic surgery and so on. And since the supply of trained doctors can't keep up with this demand enabled by the insurance industry, the cost for their services has gone very high over time. Far higher than it could have gone without the insurance industry in fact.
Or in other words, insurance not only enables increased demand, but also enables prices to rise far higher than they could otherwise. This is the real problem.
I'm not saying insurance is a bad thing, but the dynamics of the situation need to be looked at. Merely providing insurance for everyone is only going to exacerbate the problem. This is one the main problems I have with Obama's health care plan, which I see as strictly the result of political compromise, and I which I expect to do less than nothing of any benefit to the nation, as it is.
Other nations that adopt national health care policies take steps to control costs. This is what's missing from the current plan.
Если кратко - спрос задает цены и если спрос большой, цены могут быть значительно выше разумных.